Perfil Neurocognitivo de una cohorte de menores de edad con vivencias de maltrato infantil / Neuropsychological profile of a cohort of children victims of child abuse

El maltrato infantil (MI) es un problema multidimensional. El estrés crónico producido por dicho fenómeno afecta el desarrollo cerebral de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA), incidiendo negativamente en la evolución de diversos aspectos del desarrollo, condicionando su vida futura. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el desempeño sociocognitivo de NNA que han vivenciado MI, mediante el análisis de las funciones del neurodesarrollo, evaluado con subpruebas de la NEPSY II. Se analizan funciones ejecutivas y percepción social, bases del razonamiento y adaptación social. Se estudia el desempeño de 14 de NNA pertenecientes a un Programa de la Fundación Súmate, cuya Misión es la recuperación de la escolaridad NNA que han visto alterado el curso de su desarrollo por MI. Los resultados dan cuenta de alteraciones cerebrales asociadas al MI, las que se evidencian en un deficitario desarrollo funcional de las variables estudiadas. Existe grave descenso en los procesos y subprocesos del funcionamiento ejecutivo. En relación con la percepción social, la muestra estudiada presenta un mejor desarrollo, el que desciende a medida que aumenta la edad. Las funciones estudiadas tienen directa relación con el razonamiento cognitivo y desarrollo socio adaptativo, bases sobre las que se estructura el desarrollo académico. Los hallazgos, refuerzan la urgencia de abordar esta sensible realidad desde la práctica médica en la atención primaria y especializada. Los resultados también son de utilidad para orientar el desarrollo de políticas públicas que efectivamente contribuyan al progreso de nuestro país.

Abstract. Child maltreatment (MI) is a multidimensional problem. The chronic stress produced by this phenomenon affects the brain development of children and adolescents (NNA), negatively affecting the evolution of various aspects of development, conditioning their future life. The objective of this study is to analyze the sociocognitive performance of children and adolescents who have experienced IM, through the analysis of the performance of neurodevelopmental functions, evaluated through subtests of the NEPSY II. Executive functions and social perception, reasoning bases and social adaptation are studied. The performance of 14 NNA belonging to a Fundación Súmate Program is studied, whose mission is the recovery of NNA schooling that has seen the course of their development altered by IM. The results show brain alterations associated with MI, evidenced in a deficient functional development of the variables studied. There is a serious decline in the processes and threads of executive functioning. In relation to social perception, the studied sample presents a better development, which decreases as age increases. The functions studied are directly related to cognitive reasoning and socio-adaptive development, based on which academic development is structured. The findings reinforce the urgency of addressing this sensitive reality from medical practice in primary and specialized care. The results are also useful to guide the development of public policies that effectively contribute to the progress of our country.

Association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students. Methods: A survey was conducted on first-year students from Anhui Medical College and Anqing Medical College, using the Childhood Abuse Questionnaire, Family Disability Questionnaire, Childhood Adverse Social Experience Item, and Anxiety Self Rating Scale. The baseline survey was conducted from November to December 2019, and two follow-up visits were conducted once every six months until November to December 2020. The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to analyze the exposure patterns of ACEs. The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to analyze the development trajectory of anxiety symptoms. The multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different exposure patterns of ACEs and the trajectory of anxiety symptom trajectories. Results: A total of 3 662 college students aged (19.2±1.0) were surveyed. The LCA showed that the exposure patterns of ACEs could be divided into the "high ACEs" group (13.4%), "high neglect/emotional abuse" group (25.7%), "high family dysfunction" group (6.9%), "high neglect" group (27.1%), and "low ACEs" group (26.3%). The LCGA divided anxiety trajectories into four groups: "high anxiety decline" (7.1%),"anxiety increase "(4.1%), "moderate anxiety"(52.9%), and "low anxiety"(35.9%). Using the low ACEs group as a reference group, compared with the low anxiety trajectory, the high ACEs group, high neglect/emotional abuse group, high family dysfunction group, high neglect group, and medium to high-level anxiety trajectory were all associated with an increased risk (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in ACEs exposure patterns among medical college students, and ACEs exposure patterns are important influencing factors for anxiety symptom trajectories.

The influence of family structure on depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents: the mediating role of emotional neglect / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the influence of family structure on depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The cluster sampling method was used to select the students from seven middle schools in Shanghai, China. An online questionnaire survey was conducted using a self-made general status questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The methods including one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis, and mediating effect analysis were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and the difference in childhood trauma and its mediating effect.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the adolescents from nuclear families, the adolescents from three-generation lineal families had a lower risk of depression symptoms (OR=0.794, 95%CI: 0.649-0.972, P<0.05), while those from host families had a higher risk of depression symptoms (OR=4.548, 95%CI: 1.113-18.580, P<0.05). The adolescents from inter-generational families and host families had a significantly higher score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire subscale of emotional neglect (P<0.05). Emotional neglect played a mediating role in the influence of inter-generational families and host families on depression symptoms in adolescents.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Parents and grandparents have a certain positive effect in family structures. Separation from parents may make adolescents perceive more emotional neglect, which may increase the occurrence of depression symptoms.

Quebra do silêncio em grupo on-line de enfrentamento ao abuso sexual infantil / Rompiendo el silencio en un grupo online que enfrenta abuso sexual infantil / Breaking the silence in a group on-line facing child sexual abuse

RESUMO O presente artigo apresenta um recorte dos dados coletados em entrevistas durante pesquisa etnográfica on-line acerca da exposição das vivências de vítimas de violência sexual em grupo no Facebook intitulado 'Luta contra o abuso sexual infantil'. Entendemos que os relatos funcionam como uma possibilidade de quebra do pacto de silêncio e se constituem como o início da elaboração do trauma psíquico. As interações no grupo foram registradas em diário de campo durante o período de quatro meses de acompanhamento e os dados aprofundados em dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com participantes contactadas por meio de convite postado no grupo. As entrevistas aconteceram por vídeochamada e perguntavam sobre o sentido que elas produzem ao utilizar o grupo, refletindo sobre a possibilidade de ultrapassar a condição de vítimas. Verifica-se que o uso da plataforma surge como uma possibilidade de fazer algo que ajude outras vítimas, seja por meio do compartilhamento de histórias ou do fornecimento de informações que auxiliem a romper com o ciclo abusivo. Observa-se que cada vítima lida de forma única com o evento traumático, enfrentando impactos psíquicos da agressão e do momento de revelação permeado pela dinâmica familiar e pela assimetria de poder. Desta forma, fica evidenciada a necessidade de uma escuta qualificada que viabilize a reconstrução subjetiva facilitada por um processo de elaboração do ocorrido.

RESUMEN. El presente artículo presenta una compilación de los datos recolectados durante la investigación etnográfica online realizada acerca de la exposición de las vivencias de víctimas de violencia sexual en el grupo de Facebook intitulado 'Lucha contra el abuso infantil'. Entendemos que los relatos funcionan como una posibilidad de romper el pacto de silencio y constituyen el inicio de la elaboración del trauma psíquico. Las interacciones en el grupo se registraron en un diario de campo durante el período de cuatro meses de seguimiento y los datos se profundizaron en diez entrevistas semiestructuradas con participantes contactados a través de una invitación publicada en el grupo. Las entrevistas se realizaron mediante videollamada y se preguntaron sobre el sentido que producen al utilizar el grupo, reflexionando sobre la posibilidad de superar la condición de víctimas. Verifícase que el uso de la plataforma surge como una posibilidad para hacer algo que ayude a otras víctimas, sea por medio de compartir historias o a través del suministro de informaciones que auxilien a romper el ciclo abusivo. Obsérvase que cada víctima lida de forma única con el evento traumático, enfrentando impactos psíquicos de agresión y del momento de revelación permeado por la dinámica familiar y por la asimetría de poder. De esta manera, se evidencia la necesidad de una escucha cualificada que posibilite una reconstrucción subjetiva facilitada por un proceso de elaboración de lo ocurrido.

ABSTRACT This article presents an excerpt of the data collected in interviews during online ethnographic research about the disclosure of the experiences of victims of sexual violence in a Facebook group entitled 'Fight against child sexual abuse'. This study considered the research's understanding that the reports function as a possible way of breaking the pact of silence and become the basis for the beginning of the psychic trauma elaboration. Interactions in the group were recorded in a field diary during the four-month follow-up period. The data were further analyzed in ten semi-structured interviews with participants contacted through an invitation posted in the group. The interviews were conducted by video call and asked about the meaning they produce when using the group, reflecting on the possibility of overcoming the condition of victims. The use of the platform emerges as a possibility to do something that helps other victims, either by sharing stories or providing information that helps break the abusive cycle. It is observed that each victim deals uniquely with the traumatic event, facing the psychic impacts of the aggression and the moment of disclosure permeated by the family dynamics and power asymmetry. Thus, the need for qualified listening is evident, which enables a subjective reconstruction facilitated by elaborating on what happened.

Psicanálise, violências e o tempo: a construção coletiva de uma metodologia de trabalho / Psychoanalysis, violence and time: the collective construction of a work methodology / Psychanalyse, violence et temps: la construction collective d'une méthodologie de travail / Psicoanálisis, violencias y tiempo: la construcción colectiva de una metodología de trabajo

Resumo O presente ensaio pretende discutir alguns caminhos para o trabalho de psicanalistas diante de situações de violência e de violações de direitos, na escuta de sujeitos que passam por experiências traumáticas. Para isso, apresenta a relação entre trauma e temporalidade, e discorre sobre os desafios transferenciais da escuta nessas condições. As reflexões propostas partem da experiência com o projeto Casa dos Cata-Ventos, uma estratégia de atenção à infância e à adolescência ancorada na ética psicanalítica. É apresentada uma discussão acerca do método de trabalho desenvolvido, o qual se propõe a operar com o tempo em sua rearticulação. Destaca-se que tais estratégias construídas possibilitam a criação de um tempo narrativo, em que se pode falar e historicizar o que se viveu e, assim, oferecer um contraponto à temporalidade do trauma.

Abstract This essay discusses possible paths to the work of psychoanalysts in situations of violence and rights violations, in listening to individuals who undergo traumatic experiences. For this purpose, it presents the relationship between trauma and temporality, discussing the transferential challenges of listening under such conditions. The proposed reflections are based on the experience with Casa dos Cata-Ventos, a strategy for the care of children and adolescents anchored in psychoanalytic ethics. It discusses the work methodology developed, which proposes to operate with time in its rearticulation. Such strategies allow the creation of a narrative time, in which one can speak and historicize what was lived and, thus, offer a counterpoint to the temporality of trauma.

Résumé Cet essai discute de voies possibles pour le travail des psychanalystes dans des situations de violence et de violation des droits, dans l'écoute des individus qui subissent des expériences traumatiques. À cette fin, il présente la relation entre le traumatisme et la temporalité, en discutant les défis transférentiels de l'écoute dans de telles conditions. Les réflexions proposées se fondent sur l'expérience du projet Casa dos Cata-Ventos, une stratégie de soin des enfants et des adolescents ancrés dans l'éthique psychanalytique. Il aborde la méthodologie de travail développée, qui propose d'opérer avec le temps dans sa réarticulation. De telles stratégies construites permettent la création d'un temps narratif, dans lequel on peut parler et historiser ce qui a été vécu et, ainsi, offrir un contrepoint à la temporalité du traumatisme.

Resumen El presente ensayo pretende discutir algunos caminos para el trabajo de psicoanalistas ante situaciones de violencia y de violaciones de derechos, en la escucha de sujetos que pasan por experiencias traumáticas. Para esto, presenta la relación entre trauma y temporalidad y discurre acerca de los desafíos transferenciales de la escucha en esas condiciones. Las reflexiones propuestas parten de la experiencia con el proyecto Casa dos Cata-Ventos, una estrategia de atención a la infancia y a la adolescencia anclada en la ética psicoanalítica. Se presenta una discusión sobre el método de trabajo desarrollado, el cual se propone a operar con el tiempo en su rearticulación. Se resalta que dichas estrategias construidas permiten la creación de un tiempo narrativo, en el que se puede hablar e historizar lo que se vivió y, así, ofrecer un contrapunto a la temporalidad del trauma.

Pobreza, traumas tempranos, déficit atencional y deserción educacional: un círculo de daño. Lecciones aprendidas en el Programa Soymás, La Pintana / Poverty, early trauma, attention deficit and educational dropout: a circle of harm. Lessons learned in the Soymás Program, La Pintana

El antecedente de maltrato infantil y el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), son condiciones que tienen una alta prevalencia en los jóvenes de sectores vulnerables. Analizamos su relación con deserción escolar, que también es mayor en tales contextos. La deserción es un fenómeno multifactorial, influenciado por factores propios del estudiante, de la institución, del contexto familiar y del entorno social. Presentamos hallazgos en la Fundación Soymás, institución de formación para madres adolescentes, localizada en La Pintana, una de las comunas con mayor pobreza en Chile, donde la deserción en 2022 fue 45%. De acuerdo a la encuesta ACES de 10 eventos traumáticos en la niñez, 50% de las estudiantes sufrió 3 o más, y 21% 7 o más. Al menos un 40% de la población cumplía criterios de TDAH y un 30% adicional manifestaba síntomas sugerentes (versus 4,5% de TDAH reportado en adolescentes del país). Constatamos una asociación directa entre las tres variables: Maltrato, TDAH y Deserción. Estos hallazgos deberían ser considerados en políticas públicas, reforzando la necesidad de colaboración entre Salud y Educación.

A history of child abuse and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are conditions that have a high prevalence in young people from vulnerable sectors. We analyze its relationship with school dropout, which is also higher in such contexts. Dropout is a multifactorial phenomenon, influenced by factors specific to the student, the institution, the family context, and the social environment. We present findings at the Soymás Foundation, a training institution for adolescent mothers, located in La Pintana, one of the counties with the highest poverty in Chile, where dropout in 2022 was 45%. According to the ACES survey of 10 traumatic events in childhood, 50% of the students suffered 3 or more, and 21% 7 or more. At least 40% of the population met the criteria for ADHD and an additional 30% manifested suggestive symptoms (versus 4.5% of ADHD reported in adolescents in the country). We found a direct association between the three variables: Abuse, ADHD and Desertion. These findings should be considered in public policies, reinforcing the need for collaboration between Health and Education.

Adaptação da Escala de Crenças sobre Punições Físicas para o contexto brasileiro / Adaptation of the Physical Punishment Beliefs Scale to the Brazilian context / Adaptación de la Escala de Creencias sobre Castigos Físicos para el contexto brasileño

O estudo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de adaptação da Escala de Crenças sobre Punições Físicas (ECPF) para o contexto brasileiro, bem como as evidências iniciais de dimensionalidade e precisão da escala para uma amostra de brasileiros. Além disso, investigou-se se gênero, faixa etária, parentalidade, histórico de maus-tratos na infância e histórico de violência por parceiro íntimo exercem influência sobre os níveis de crenças sobre punições físicas. Participaram 257 indivíduos, sendo 196 (76,3%) do gênero feminino. Os resultados indicaram que a versão brasileira da escala apresentou melhores índices de ajuste na estrutura unifatorial (TLI = 0,96; RMSEA [90% I.C.] = 0,08 (0,08 - 0,09). As cargas fatoriais variaram de 0,31 a 0,91. Identificou-se, também, que os níveis de crenças sobre punições físicas foram influenciados pelo gênero e idade dos participantes. Os resultados obtidos são favoráveis ao uso da ECPF em amostras brasileiras.(AU)

The study aimed to adapt the Physical Punishment Beliefs Scale to the Brazilian context, and presents the initial evidence of dimensionality and reliability of the scale for a Brazilian sample. It was also investigated whether gender, age group, parenting, history of child maltreatment, and history of intimate partner violence influenced the beliefs related to the levels of physical punishment. Participants were 257 individuals, 196 (76.3%) of whom were female. The results indicated that the Brazilian version of the scale presented better fit indices for the single factor structure (TLI = .96; RMSEA [90% I.C.] = .08 (.08 - .09). The factor loadings ranged from .31 to .91. It was also identified that the beliefs related to the levels of physical punishment were influenced by gender and age group. The results obtained are favorable for the use of the scale in Brazilian samples.(AU)

El estudio tiene como objetivo presentar el proceso de adaptación de la Escala de Creencias sobre Castigos Físicos (ECPF) para el contexto brasileño, así como las evidencias iniciales de dimensionalidad y precisión de la escala para una muestra de brasileños. Además, se investigó si el género, el grupo de edad, la parentalidad, los antecedentes del maltrato infantil y los antecedentes de violencia de pareja influyen en los niveles de creencias sobre el castigo físico. Participaron 257 indivíduos, de las cuales 196 (76,3%) eran mujeres. Los resultados indicaron que la versión brasileña de la escala presentó mejores índices de ajuste en la estructura unifactorial (TLI = 0,96; [90% I.C.]. = 0,08 (0,08 - 0,09). Las cargas factoriales oscilaron entre 0,21 y 0,91. También se identificó que los niveles de creencias sobre castigos físicos fueron influenciados por el género y la edad de los participantes. Los resultados obtenidos son favorables al uso de la ECPF en muestras brasileñas.(AU)

Castigo físico: argumentos y justificaciones de padres y madres para su utilización / Physical punishment: arguments and justifications of parents and mothers for their use

El castigo físico en la crianza conlleva consecuencias negativas sobre el desarrollo infantil. Sin embargo, muchos adultos lo consideran un método adecuado. El presente estudio analiza los argumentos y justificaciones que esgrimen los adultos para su utilización. La muestra constó de 14 madres y 13 padres de niños(as) entre 0 a 3 años. El diseño investigativo tuvo un carácter exploratorio, utilizando un enfoque metodológico cualitativo a través del método de estudio de caso y la aplicación de la técnica el grupo focal. Mediante análisis de contenido se arribó a los siguientes resultados: los argumentos se relacionan con el carácter educativo y la eficacia del castigo físico, la repetición generacional de experiencias disciplinarias, la naturalización del castigo físico, razones de orden cultural y, por último, cansancio y estrés. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte a las políticas públicas en la prevención del castigo físico, particularmente en Uruguay.

Physical punishment during child rearing produces negative consequences for child development. Nonetheless, many adults consider it to be an adequate method. This study analyses the arguments and justifications employed by adults to justify their use. Participants were 14 mothers y 13 fathers of children aged 0 to 3 years. Using a qualitative, exploratory research design, we used a case study methodology to gather data through focus groups. The content analysis yielded the following result: the arguments associated with the educational character of corporal punishment and its presumed efficacy, transgenerational repetition of disciplinary experiences, the naturalization of physical punishment, cultural arguments and, finally, stress and exhaustion. These results contribute to public policies aiming to prevent physical punishment, particularly in Uruguay.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adulthood substance use among lesbians / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and substance use behaviors among lesbians to provide a scientific basis for high-risk population identification and formulation of targeted intervention measures. Methods: Lesbians who participated in routine AIDS voluntary counseling, testing services, activities, and peer recommendations were recruited from July to December 2018, with the help of LesPark in Beijing. Convenient sampling method was used. Demographic characteristics, ACE, and substance use behaviors of subjects were investigated using an online platform powered by www.wjx.cn. Subsequently, the associations between ACE and adulthood substance use behaviors were evaluated using the logistic regression model. The SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 294 lesbians were recruited in the study, 81.3% (239/294) of them were lesbians, and 18.7% (55/294) were bisexuals. Besides, 55.8% (164/294) of subjects reported they had had ACE, with proportions of lesbians experiencing abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction as 33.3% (98/294), 24.5% (72/294), and 32.7% (96/294), respectively. 55.1% (162/294) of the lesbians reported they had smoked in the past 30 days, 11.2% (33/294) reported having drug-use behavior in the past three months, and 22.8% (67/294) claimed drinking alcohol weekly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lesbians with ACE were at high risks to smoke (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.13-3.08), drink (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.18-3.84), and use drugs (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.29-8.61) in adulthood. Moreover, lesbians with childhood family dysfunction were at higher risk of smoking cigarettes (OR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.46-4.62) and drinking alcohol (OR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.44-4.87). At the same time, those with abuse experience were at higher risk of drug use (OR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.26-7.96). Conclusions: Substance use behaviors, including cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, and drugs use, were common among lesbians. Positive associations were found between ACE and adulthood substance use behaviors.

Perspectivas y tendencias actuales del concepto de alienación parental: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Current perspectives and trends of the concept of parental alienation: a systematic review of the literature

Resumen: Antecedentes: Son diversos las/os investigadoras/es que se han interesado por el fenómeno de la alienación parental. No obstante, esta compleja dinámica relacional no ha estado exenta de controversias. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de las perspectivas y tendencias actuales del concepto de alienación parental, sus características y efectos en la población que experimentan estas circunstancias. Método: Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA-P para llevar a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos publicados entre el año 2016 y junio de 2020 en revistas indexadas Scopus y/o WOS. Se contemplaron 95 estudios, de los cuales 11 fueron considerados para la revisión, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión preestablecidos. Se identificó un amplio campo investigativo en el cual se circunscribe la alienación parental, como dinámica relacional. Resultados: Los 11 estudios seleccionados establecían relaciones entre la experiencia de alienación parental e indicadores de salud mental, tanto en niños, niñas, adolescentes, como adultos que experimentan o experimentaron estas dinámicas. Así también, se relacionó con maltrato psicológico. Conclusiones: La alienación parental es un fenómeno con una importante prevalencia en la población y se ha vinculado con un deterioro en la salud mental de las personas que la experimentan o la han experimentado.

Abstract: Background: Several researchers have been interested in the phenomenon of parental alienation. However, this complex relational dynamic has not been without controversy. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of current perspectives and trends on the concept of parental alienation, its characteristics and effects on the population experiencing these circumstances. Method: PRISMA-P methodology was used to conduct an exhaustive literature search of articles published between 2016 and June 2020 in Scopus and/or WOS indexed journals. Ninety-five studies were contemplated, of which 11 were considered for the review, according to the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. A broad field of research was identified in which parental alienation is circumscribed as a relational dynamic. Results: The 11 selected studies established relationships between the experience of parental alienation and mental health indicators, both in children, adolescents and adults who experience or have experienced these dynamics. Thus, it was also related to psychological maltreatment. Conclusions: Parental alienation is a phenomenon with a significant prevalence in the population and has been linked to a deterioration in the mental health of people who experience or have experienced it.

La escucha psicoanalítica y los recursos psicodramáticos en un grupo de hombres que experimentaron violencia infantil en Costa Rica / The Psychoanalytic Listening and the Psychodramatic Techniques in a Group of Men Who Experienced Childhood Violence in Costa Rica

Resumen Objetivo. Sistematizar los aportes de la escucha analítica con elementos psicodramáticos y corporales en un grupo de hombres que experimentaron violencia durante su infancia. Método. Sistematización y análisis por categorías temáticas, a partir de observación participante, registros escritos y de audio, del discurso verbal y corporal de 9 hombres en un grupo de terapia psicoanalítica con técnicas psicodramáticas. Resultados. Se concluye que la violencia promueve una relación de maltrato con el propio sujeto y la experiencia de dolor es inscrita en el cuerpo como posibilidad de expresión. El abordaje grupal facilitó la reelaboración del sufrimiento psíquico mediante el uso del cuerpo para reconocer y verbalizar emociones de la escena traumática en un encuentro de subjetividades.

Abstract Objective. Systematize the contributions of the psychoanalytic clinic with psychodramatic and body techniques in a group of men who experienced violence in their childhood. Method. Systematization and analysis by theme categories, based on participant observation, written and audio recording, from the verbal and body speech of nine men in psychoanalytic group therapy by using psychodramatic techniques. Results. In conclusion, violence promotes an abusive relationship with the person himself, and the experience of pain is inscribed in the body as a possibility of expression. The group approach facilitated the reworking of psychic suffering through the body to recognize and verbalize emotions from the traumatic scene in an encounter of subjectivities.

Escala para evaluar indicadores de reparación en niños, niñas y adolescentes que han vivido maltrato grave (I-REPARACIÓN): estructura factorial en Chile / Scale to evaluate the recovery process in children and adolescents exposed to serious abuse (I-REPARACION): factorial structure in Chile

En este estudio se ofrece un análisis psicométrico de un instrumento que evalúa la reparación de las consecuencias del maltrato infantil en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos/as. La reparación es un concepto controvertido y complejo que requiere de instrumentos que logren capturar sus distintas dimensiones. En total participaron 491 adolescentes (M = 14,32; DT = 1,70; 74,7% de sexo femenino y 25,3% de sexo masculino) que fueron evaluados/as con el I-REPARACIÓN. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio apoyan la validez del instrumento ya que este reconoce tres dimensiones de la reparación coherentes con la teoría y evidencia previa: fortalecimiento de la identidad, integración de la experiencia y ausencia de sintomatología. A su vez los análisis de consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) apoyan la fiabilidad del instrumento dado que sus ítems miden el constructo de forma consistente. Se considera que, aunque se trata de resultados preliminares, los resultados ofrecen garantías psicométricas para el uso I-REPARACIÓN en el monitoreo del avance de las intervenciones en adolescentes expuestos/as a maltrato infantil.

This study offers a psychometric analysis of an instrument that assesses the recovery process of the consequences of child abuse in a sample of Chilean adolescents. Recovery is a controversial and complex concept that requires instruments that can capture its different dimensions. In total, 491 adolescents (M = 14,32; SD = 1,70; 74,7% girls, 25,3% boys) participated and were evaluated with the I-REPARACIÓN. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis results support the instrument's validity since it recognizes three dimensions of recovery consistent with theory and previous evidence: identity strengthening, integration of the traumatic experience, and absence of symptoms. In turn, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) analyses support the instrument reliability since its items measure the construct consistently. Although preliminary research, it is considered that the results offer psychometric guarantees for the use of I-REPARACIÓN in monitoring the progress of interventions in adolescents exposed to child abuse.

Significados da dinâmica familiar por homens que reproduziram a violência doméstica / Significado de la dinámica familiar por hombres que reprodujeron la violencia doméstica / Meanings of family dynamics by men who reproduced domestic violence

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os significados atribuídos à dinâmica familiar por homens que reproduziram a violência doméstica vivenciada na infância. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa guiada à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Procurou-se conhecer a história oral de homens em processo jurídico junto à 2ᵃ Vara de Justiça pela Paz em Casa, situada no município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se entrevistas, as quais foram transcritas, textualizadas e transcriadas. A organização dos dados se deu com base na Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: As narrativas revelam que a interpretação das experiências de agressões físicas, psicológicas, negligência e testemunho da violência conjugal entre os pais na infância direcionou a construção dos significados de que a dinâmica familiar deve ser pautada no controle e dominação masculina sobre a esposa e filhos, princípios que nortearam os relacionamentos familiares na fase adulta. Conclusão: As histórias remetem para o significado de que a dinâmica familiar deve ser delineada com base na divisão sexual dos papéis, sendo o homem considerado o provedor e autoridade máxima da casa e a mulher responsável pelo cuidado dos filhos. Nota-se ainda a simbologia de que a interação entre pai e filhos deve ser estabelecida de maneira rude e severa. Estes significados predispõem à reprodução da violência durante a vida adulta, o que demonstra a importância de ações que viabilizem a ressignificação das interações familiares violentas, preferencialmente ainda na fase da infância.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el significado atribuido a la dinámica familiar por hombres que reprodujeron la violencia doméstica vivida en la infancia. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo guiado según el interaccionismo simbólico. Se buscó conocer la historia oral de hombres en proceso judicial en el 2° Tribunal de Justica por la Paz en Casa, situado en el municipio de Salvador, estado de Bahia, Brasil. Para eso, se utilizaron entrevistas que fueron transcriptas, textualizadas y transcreadas. La organización de los datos se realizó con base en el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Las narrativas revelan que la interpretación de las experiencias de agresiones físicas, psicológicas, negligencia y testigo de la violencia conyugal entre los padres en la infancia llevó a la elaboración del significado de que la dinámica familiar debe estar marcada por el control y dominación masculina sobre la esposa e hijos, principios que guían las relaciones familiares en la fase adulta. Conclusión: Las historias remiten al significado de que la dinámica familiar debe estar definida con base en la división sexual de los roles, en que el hombre es considerado proveedor y autoridad máxima de la casa y la mujer responsable del cuidado de los hijos. Además, se observó la simbología de que la interacción entre padre e hijo debe establecerse de forma grosera y severa. Estos significados predisponen a la reproducción de la violencia durante la vida adulta, lo que demuestra la importancia de acciones que posibiliten la resignificación de las intervenciones familiares violentas, preferentemente aún en la fase de la infancia.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the meanings attributed to family dynamics by men who reproduced domestic violence suffered in their childhood. Methods: This is a qualitative research guided in the light of Symbolic Interactionism. We sought to know the oral history of men under criminal prosecutions before the 2ndCourt of Justice for Peace at Home, located in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. To this end, interviews were used, which were transcribed, textualized and transcribed. Data organization was based on content analysis. Results: The statements reveal that interpreting physical, psychological aggression, neglect and witness of domestic violence experiences between parents in childhood directed constructing the meanings that family dynamics must be based on male control and domination over the wife and children, principles that guided family relationships in adulthood. Conclusion: The stories refer to the meaning that family dynamics must be delineated based on sexual division of roles, with men being considered providers and maximum authority of the house, and women, responsible for children care. It is also noted the symbology that father-children interaction must be established in a rude and severe way. These meanings predispose to reproducing violence during adulthood, which demonstrates the importance of actions that make it possible to redefine violent family interactions, preferably still in childhood.

Life satisfaction mediates the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms: a study in a sample of Brazilian adolescents

Objective: To evaluate the interrelationships between childhood maltreatment, life satisfaction (LS), and depressive symptoms, and to investigate LS as a mediating factor in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Methods: The sample consisted of 342 adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years (mean = 13.3, SD = 1.52 years), recruited from a public school in Salvador, Brazil. Participants filled out instruments for the collection of sociodemographic data and evaluation of childhood maltreatment, LS, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the mediating effect of LS. Results: We detected significant negative correlations between childhood maltreatment and LS and between LS and depressive symptoms. We observed a significant positive correlation between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. LS partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms, mitigating the impact of maltreatment. Conclusion: LS played an important mediating role in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are recommended to fully elucidate these associations, reinforcing the need for attention and care of this vulnerable population.

Violência, funções executivas e rendimento acadêmico em estudantes universitários / Violence, executive functions and academic achievement in university students / Violencia, funciones ejecutivas y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios

O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar impactos da vitimização, no último ano e ao longo da vida, no desempenho acadêmico no ensino superior a partir da análise das funções executivas. Participaram do estudo 90 estudantes com idade de 19 a 24 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Five Digit Test (FDT) e o questionário Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Foram avaliados a violência ocorrida no último ano e ao longo da vida, as funções executivas (FE) e o rendimento acadêmico (CR). Os resultados apontaram que indivíduos que sofreram violência por maus-tratos e sexual no último ano apresentaram CR mais baixo em relação ao grupo que não sofreu violência. Violência por maus-tratos e violência sexual também correlacionaram positivamente com funções executivas, tanto nos processos automáticos quanto nos controlados. Os dados apontam que sofrer violências têm repercussão nas funções executivas e desempenho acadêmico na vida adulta.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of victimization in the previous year and throughout life on academic performance in higher education from the analysis of executive functions. The study included 90 students aged 19 to 24 years. The instruments used were the Five Digit Test (FDT) and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Violence suffered in the previous year and throughout the lifetime, executive functions (EFs) and academic achievement (AC) were assessed. The results showed that individuals that had suffered abuse and sexual violence in the previous year had lower AC compared to the group that had not suffered violence. Violence through ill-treatment and sexual violence also positively correlated with executive functions in both automatic and controlled processes. The data indicate that suffering violence has repercussions on the executive functions and academic performance in adulthood.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de la victimización en el rendimiento académico en la educación superior, en el último año y a lo largo de la vida, a partir del análisis de las funciones ejecutivas. El estudio se realizó con 90 estudiantes con edades entre 19 y 24 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Five Digit Test (FDT) y el cuestionario Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Se evaluó la violencia vivida en el último año y a lo largo de la vida, las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el rendimiento académico (CR). Los resultados mostraron que las personas que sufrieron abuso y violencia sexual en el último año tuvieron un CR más bajo en comparación con el grupo que no sufrió violencia. La violencia por maltrato y violencia sexual también se correlacionaron positivamente con las funciones ejecutivas tanto en procesos automáticos como en los controlados. Los datos indican que sufrir violencia genera repercusiones en las funciones ejecutivas y el rendimiento académico en la edad adulta.

Assistência de enfermagem à criança/adolescente vítima de violência: revisão integrativa / Nursing care for child/adolescent victims of violence: integrative review / Asistencia de enfermería al niño/adolescente víctima de violencia: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: desvelar a produção acerca da assistência de enfermagem prestada às crianças/adolescentes vítimas de violência. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistematizada realizada com consulta nas bases de dados: LILACS, Scielo e BDENF. Foram selecionados 19 artigos para compor este trabalho. A análise de dados deu-se por meio da proposta de Mendes, Silveira e Galvão. Resultados: os dados foram discutidos através dos tópicos: despreparo dos profissionais frente aos casos de violência infantil; sentimentos dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado à criança/adolescente vítima de violência; notificação, protocolos e rotinas na assistência à criança/ adolescente vítima de violência; estratégias de assistência à criança/adolescente vítima de violência. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem não se sentem preparados para atuarem frente aos casos de violência infantil. Identificou-se a necessidade de protocolos assistenciais que respaldem a assistência profissional. Ademais, é importante o fortalecimento da rede de atenção intersetorial que garanta a assistência adequada às vítimas e suas famílias

Objective: to explore the literature regarding the nursing care provided to children/adolescents victims of violence. Method: it consists of a systematic review performed on databases such as, LILACS, Scielo and BDENF. 19 articles have been selected to compose this study. The data analysis was developed throughout Mendes, Silveira and Galvão's proposal. Results: the data discussion occurred throughout the following topics: professional unpreparedness to deal with cases of child violence; the feelings of professionals involved on the care provided to a child/adolescent victim of violence; notification, protocols and routines regarding the assistance of children/adolescents victims of violence. Conclusion: nursing professionals do not feel prepared to deal with situations of children violence. It was identified the need of protocols that support the nursing assistance. Furthermore, it is important to enhance the intersectoral attention network in order to ensure the appropriate care to the victims and their families

Objetivo: desvelar la producción acerca de la asistencia de enfermería a los niños/adolescentes víctimas de violencia. Método: se trata de una revisión sistematizada realizada con consulta en las bases de datos: LILACS, Scielo y BDENF. Se seleccionaron 19 artículos para componer este trabajo. El análisis de datos se dio através de la propuesta de Mendes, Silveira y Galvão. Resultados: los datos fueron discutidos através de los tópicos: despreparo de los profesionales frente a los casos de violencia infantil; sentimientos de los profesionales envolvidos en el cuidado al niño/ adolescente víctima de violencia; notificación, protocolos y rutinas en la asistencia al niño/adolescente víctima de violencia; estrategias de asistencia al niño/adolescente víctima de violencia. Conclusión: los profesionales de enfermería no se sienten preparados para actuar frente a los casos de violencia infantil. Se identificó la necesidad de protocolos asistenciales que soporten la asistencia profesional. Además, es importante el fortalecimiento de la red de atención intersectorial que promueva la asistencia adecuada a las víctimas y sus familia

Child and adolescent violence: oral story of women who attempted suicide / Violencia en la infancia y adolescencia: historia oral de mujeres que intentaron suicidio / Violência na infância e adolescência: história oral de mulheres que tentaram suicídio

ABSTRACT Objective: To unveil expressions of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence by women who attempted suicide. Method: This is a study with a qualitative approach based on Oral Story. Participants were ten women with a history of suicide attempt, who experienced intrafamily violence in childhood and/or adolescence. The research was carried out at the Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, linked to a Toxicological Information Center in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Results: From the orality of women, the study allowed the emergence of the following representative categories of intrafamily abuse experienced in childhood and/or adolescence: psychological violence, rejection, neglect, physical violence and sexual violence. Final considerations: The study alerts to intrafamily violence as an aggravation related to suicidal behavior, offering elements that help in the identification of their expressions, which will raise awareness to suicidal behavior and consequently suicide prevention.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Desvelar las expresiones de la violencia intrafamiliar vivenciadas en la infancia y/o adolescencia por mujeres que intentaron suicidio. Método: Se trata de un estudio con enfoque cualitativo, fundamentado en la Historia Oral. Participaron diez mujeres con historia de intento de suicidio, que experimentaron violencia intrafamiliar en la infancia y/o adolescencia. La investigación fue realizada en el Núcleo de Estudo e Prevenção do Suicídio (Núcleo de Estudio y Prevención del Suicidio), vinculado a un Centro de Información Toxicológica en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Resultados: A partir de la oralidad de las mujeres, el estudio permitió emerger las siguientes categorías representativas de la expresión de abuso intrafamiliar vivenciada en la niñez y/o adolescencia: violencia psicológica (rechazo y negligencia), violencia física y violencia sexual. Consideraciones finales: El estudio alerta sobre la violencia intrafamiliar como agravio relacionado al comportamiento suicida, ofreciendo elementos que auxilian en la identificación de sus expresiones, lo que posibilitará atención para el comportamiento suicida y consecuentemente la prevención del suicidio.

RESUMO Objetivo: Desvelar as expressões da violência intrafamiliar vivenciadas na infância e/ou adolescência por mulheres que tentaram suicídio. Método: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na História Oral. Participaram dez mulheres com história de tentativa de suicídio, que experienciaram violência intrafamiliar na infância e/ou adolescência. A pesquisa foi realizada no Núcleo de Estudo e Prevenção do Suicídio, vinculado a um Centro de Informação Toxicológica na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: A partir da oralidade das mulheres, o estudo permitiu emergir as seguintes categorias representativas da expressão de abuso intrafamiliar vivenciada na infância e/ou adolescência: violência psicológica (rejeição, negligência), violência física e violência sexual. Considerações finais: O estudo alerta para a violência intrafamiliar enquanto agravo relacionado ao comportamento suicida, oferecendo elementos que auxiliam na identificação de suas expressões, o que possibilitará atenção para o comportamento suicida e consequentemente prevenção do suicídio.

Early childhood maltreatment experience and later sexual behavior in Brazilian adults undergoing treatment for substance dependence

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of early childhood maltreatment and associations with later sexual behavior among adult substance users. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 134 substance dependents who sought outpatient care in São Paulo, Brazil. Childhood trauma prevalence was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST), drug of choice (DOC), and sexual behavior were also investigated. Results: The sample was composed predominantly of single adult males (76.1%), with alcohol as the DOC (73.9%). Experiences of emotional neglect (88.1%), emotional abuse (80.6%), physical neglect (78.4%), physical abuse (64.2%), and sexual abuse (31.3%) were prevalent. Women were more likely to have been sexually abused (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.15-7.61) and physically abused (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.31-10.6) in childhood. Those who were sexually abused in adulthood were more likely to have suffered physical abuse in childhood (OR 6.9, 95%CI 1.45-11.8). The odds of having been sexually abused in childhood were higher among subjects who reported to have exchanged sexual favors for drugs (OR 5.7, 95%CI 1.35-9.64) and to have been sexually abused in adulthood (OR 6.1, 95%CI 5.2-12.36). Conclusion: Physical and sexual abuse in childhood are highly prevalent in substance-dependent adults, and are associated with sexual revictimization and high-risk sexual behavior in adulthood.

Telomere length and childhood trauma in Colombians with depressive symptoms

Objective: Childhood trauma and telomere length (TL) are important risk factors for major depressive disorder. We examined whether there was an association between childhood trauma and TL in a sample of Colombians who were assessed for depressive symptoms. Methods: We applied the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to 92 Colombian subjects (mean age = 21). TL was measured with quantitative PCR. Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) was used to analyze the relationship between childhood trauma scores and TL. Results: We found a significant correlation between TL and sexual abuse scores (rs = 0.428, p = 0.002) in individuals with higher depressive symptom scores. Conclusion: This is the first report of a significant association between TL and sexual abuse in a Latin American sample and provides additional evidence about the role of childhood trauma and TL in neuropsychiatric disorders.